Jerusalem. The French post office in Holyland 1843 – 1914 By Raphael Livnat, de l’Academie de Philatelie.

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An exceptional study mainly based on consular and diplomatic archives, which has shaken many of the acquired knowledge. It tells the history of the French post in the Holy Land since the inauguration in July 1843 of a French consulate in Jerusalem, which established a consular courier service. It will be followed in 1846 by a private post, that of 'Santelli and Micciarelli', between Jerusalem to Beirut. Six years later in 1852 created in Jaffa a shipping agency and a French post, Santelli will be appointed distributor. The main activity of the Jaffa post is related to 'The French post of Jerusalem', which will be closed in 1880 and re-opened in 1900 as the main Post Office. It was only in 1906 that will be created in Haifa a French post. These offices will close all on 1 October 1914. The history is supplemented by the French postal rates and several others that are unpublished, such as that of Santelli and Micciarelli, local tariff between Jaffa and Jerusalem; which is curiously double the rate in the opposite direction from Jerusalem to Jaffa and finally local rates. The precursors of the ‘Jerusalem Cross' are listed with the dates of their uses and colors. The names of postal managers are mentioned, their date of entry into service, and details about them and their activities. Many other unknown details are made, on the other French post offices in the Ottoman Empire, in Aleppo, Gallipoli, Metelin, Varna, Volvo and Tripoli City, the only and unique foreign post office established in Turkey on the initiative of the Ottoman local authority at the time when the ‘Sublime Porte’ calls foreign powers to close of their post office in Turkey. The study also contains many unknown historical information about other foreign offices have operated in the Holy Land, those of Austria, Germany, Russia, Italy and on the Turkish post itself. Furthermore, recorded information is provided on Lloyd’s shipping lines, which installs its agencies in 1853 in the Holy Land. About the British shipping company which served Jaffa from 1848 to 1851. Finally, the texts of the articles of the treaties of capitulations, which relate to the establishment of foreign posts in the Ottoman Empire, are published. The postal conflict opposing Turkey and Foreign Powers is commented with numerous archive documents, which finally prove that the said Treaties, which would have legitimized the establishment of foreign post offices in Turkey, are only a legend. More than 165 letters are reproduced, rare postage since the issue ‘Empire imperforated’ to the ‘Sage’ with rare destinations that are not found in any other French offices in Turkey. Obliteration known two - and three copies, a combination of two cancellations can one day only. Registered letters, charge, postage, A book that any serious philatelist must be read. ------ The book, A4 size, 400 pages with 120 in colors, paper 115 g satin. The price for one book with postage be Colissimo and tracking number is: European community + Switzerland: 72 Euros. USA + Israel + other country: 86 Euros. ----- I order ... copy of ‘Jérusalem et la Poste française en Terre sainte’ Order to email address livnar@hotmail.fr and payment by paypal transfer to same address. European community + Switzerland: 72 Euros. USA. Israel + other country in the world : 86 Euro